Answer:
I am the greatest teacher out of them all, but alas in the end I kill my pupils.
I am always hungry, I must always be fed. The finger I lick will soon turn red.
A beggar's brother went out to sea and drowned. But the man who drowned had no brother. Who was the beggar to the man who drowned?
This only turns over once you have travelled very far. What is it?
The more you take, the more you leave behind.
It rows quickly with four oars but never comes out from under his own roof. What is it?